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Cyanotoxins are diverse in chemical structure and toxicity. In addition, removal of secondary metabolites (cyanotoxins) is needed because of their high toxicity. The maintenance of installations used in water treatment plants requires the control and removal of cyanobacterial blooms for safer operation conditions, to avoid the clogging of devices. Cyanobacterial blooming episodes have been increasing as a result of the eutrophication of freshwater systems, many of which are used for drinking purposes (Roegner et al., 2014 Huisman et al., 2018). High light irradiation and the presence of a high concentration of nutrients, especially relevant nitrogen and phosphorus, are responsible for cyanobacterial blooms with subsequent deterioration of water quality by scum formation, hypoxia, toxin formation, bad taste and odors (Lopez et al., 2008). 7% in pure cultures of M. aeruginosa) due to the different compositions of the extracellular organic matter.Ĭyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae) are found in many water ecosystems.
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However, the performance of the flocculants was slightly worse as determined from the residual turbidity values (17% vs. Electrocoagulation/flocculation of a cyanobacterial blooming surface water (about 10 6 cells/mL) showed quite good concordance of cell inactivation values (9.7–10.7%) with those detected previously with Microcystis aeruginosa (5.4%).
#Cloot prolevel 9.1 Patch#
Flocculation of the electrocoagulated suspensions with anionic polyelectrolytes revealed a bridging mechanism, whereas an electrostatic patch aggregation was involved with cationic flocculants. Inactivation of a 10 5 cells/mL suspension was 34% for a charge loading of 50 C/L whereas only 3% was achieved by increasing cyanobacteria concentration by one-order of magnitude. Cell inactivation was a function of the charge loading and the cell population. Electrocoagulation of a suspension of the unicellular cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and its related toxin microcystin-LR, as a model of toxic cyanobacterium and cyanotoxin, respectively, showed that cell removal occurred through charge neutralisation with the Al hydroxides generated in the system, whereas the toxin did not undergo electrolytical processes. The performance of a multicell electrocoagulation reactor operating under a continuous flow and coupled with flocculation for cyanobacteria removal was examined. Water treatments should be optimised to remove phytoplankton cells as well as their associated toxins. Cyanobacterial blooming episodes in surface waters used for drinking purposes are increasing due to eutrophication of water ecosystems.